Genese des Nordseeraumes im Quartär
Abstract
In spite of alterations due to transgressions, Pleistocene forms are still discernible in the North Sea area. In this study, explanation of their genesis is based on a reconstruction of the ice‑sheds of different dimensions and the dynamic elements of the glaciations. In the Scandinavian area, important ice‑sheds were besides the Scandinavian main ice‑shed the Hordaland, Utsira, Dalarna and Småland ice‑sheds. Greatly independent differential glacier streams with different drift characteristics and morphodynamic power were the Oslo, Boknfjord, Hardanger, Kattegat and Belt Sea glacier streams. In the British area, east of the main ice‑shed formed by the Pennines, the Southern Uplands and the Northwest Highlands, the Cheviot Hills and Grampian Mountains formed secondary ice‑sheds separating ice flow into East English, Southeast Scottish and Northeast Scottish glacier streams.
Every cold period of the Pleistocene started with an early advance of the Oslo glacier stream. Later, the Oslo stream was forced to the west by the Kattegat stream and subsequently by the Belt Sea glacier stream. The Dogger Bank (like the Jutland and the Turbot Bank) formed in the morphodynamically active confluence zone of the Oslo and Kattegat glacier streams during the Saale glacial. Only on the west flanks of Dogger Bank did the East English glacier stream continue to accumulate huge push moraines until Weichselian time. The areal fluctuations of the Scandinavian ice sheet were considerably greater than those in the British area. South of Dogger Bank ice‑dammed lakes formed, the extension and levels of which have been reconstructed. These lakes drained to the north, where deep erosional channels formed in the diffluence zones of the glacier streams. During earlier Pleistocene, the Scandinavian and British ice sheets collided, but since the Warthe stage of the Saale cold period the central parts of the North Sea have remained free of ice. The reason for this was the divertive effect on the glacier streams exerted by the Norwegian trough, which had deepened because of glacial erosion and subsidence.
Shore processes during transgressions shaped marine benches and cliffs. The north slope of Dogger Bank is a vast cliff, in places deformed through mass movements.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with Fennia agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. The license of the published metadata is Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0).
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a doctoral dissertation or book compilation), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
.png)



